Physics is one of the oldest disciplines established in Guizhou University, with undergraduate enrollment starting from 1942. After multiple disciplinary adjustments and reorganizations, the College of Physics was established in 2016, based on the physics discipline. The physics discipline began enrolling graduate students in Theoretical Physics in 1985. It was authorized to confer master degrees in the sub-discipline“Theoretical Physics”in 2001 and in the sub-disciplines of “Condensed Matter Physics” and “Optics” in 2006, respectively. In 2006, the sub-discipline of “Theoretical Physics” was recognized as a provincial key discipline. In 2010, master degrees were authorized to confer in the first-class discipline of Physics, which was later recognized as a provincial distinguished discipline in 2012.  The first-class discipline “Physics” of the college, which was ranked in the fourth round of discipline evaluations by the Ministry of Education in 2017, and became a regional first-class discipline in Guizhou Province in 2018, was authorized to confer doctoral degrees in 2021.In 2022, the undergraduate program in Physics of the college was recognized as the national first-class undergraduate program, with University Physics rated as the national first-class course.

The College of Physics grants Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in the research themes of Theoretical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Optics, and Theoretical and Observational Astrophysics. Annually, the college enrolls around 6 doctoral students and over 50 graduate students. The college currently has a provincial key laboratory for Optoelectronic Technology and Applications, and two provincial innovation talent teams in Astronomy and Photonic Technology, as well as the Joint Research Center for Astronomy of the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guizhou University. For research and teaching, the college has established the Guizhou Provincial Demonstration Center for University Physics Experiment Teaching, and research laboratories, covering an area of over 4,000 square meters, with laboratory instruments valued at over 50 million yuan. The college attaches great importance to and actively promotes the reformation of undergraduate talent training models and the practice of collaborative training models for top talents through science and education, such as the Yang Chengzhong Elite Class, which is run jointly by the college and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to co-train undergraduates. Additionally, the college also has a popular science education base, carrying out astronomical science popularization and education work for the province.

As the pioneer and trailblazer in the cultivation of physical talents in the province, the college has excellent faculties, advanced research platforms, and remarkable research achievements. The college has a teaching and research team with rich experiences, deep academic attainments, and a reasonable structure in terms of professional titles, academic backgrounds, and ages. Currently, there are 63 full-time faculty members, including 3 Guizhou provincial experts, 3 experts receiving special allowances from the State Council and the provincial government, 1 outstanding young talent of the Ministry of Education's New Century Excellent Talents program, 2 members of the Ministry of Education's Teaching Steering Committee, 4 talents of the Western Light program by the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 recipients of the Baosteel Excellent Teacher Award, 2 Gold Teachers of Guizhou Province, 2 Outstanding Communist Party Members from the Higher Education Working Committee of Guizhou Province, 3 talents of the provincial Hundred Talent Program, 5 outstanding young scientific talents, 3 talents of the Thousand Talent Program, and 15 specially appointed teachers at Guizhou University. The faculty includes 39 teachers with doctoral degrees and 20 with master's degrees, among whom are 17 professors, 23 associate professors (including senior experimentalists), 13 doctoral supervisors, and 35 master's supervisors. 

The college focuses on cutting-edge research and regional strategies, conducting scientific research, talent cultivation, and science popularization services in connection with FAST, big data, Guizhou's national defense, and aerospace bases. A disciplinary structure with depth in theoretical physics, impact on optics research, and distinctive features in astrophysics, has been formed to benefit collaborations with FAST, big data, ASEAN talent cooperation, and other areas. The college has made distinguished research achievements including the first prize in the Science and Technology Awards of Guizhou Province, the first prize in the Natural Science Awards of Guizhou Province, four second prizes, three third prizes in the Natural Science Awards of Guizhou Province, and over ten other provincial and ministerial-level awards. In the past five years, the discipline team has been granted 37 projects from the National Natural Science Foundation (including one key project), 1 major national project, 3 projects from the Ministry of Education or national key laboratories, and 20 provincial and ministerial-level projects, published nearly 300 SCI papers, and authorized nearly 30 patents, with an average research funding of over 400,000 yuan per person.

The College of Physics at Guizhou University adheres to the direction of socialist education and has become the major base and cradle for the cultivation of specialized talents in physics and astronomy in Guizhou Province. It has fostered a deeply ingrained culture of cultivating virtue and talent, emphasizing both teaching and research, serving as a role model, dedicating to work, studying diligently, thinking critically, and developing comprehensively. Through top talents cultivation models that integrate science and education, such as the Yang Chengzhong Elite Class, students coming with dreams and aspirations are nurtured into future scientific stars. In the past three years, nearly 50% of the undergraduates pursued advanced studies in the institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Astronomical Observatories, and renowned 985 and 211 universities. Graduate students as the first authors have published over 180 SCI/EI papers. Closely aligned with the cutting-edge technology and regional development strategies, the college is closely associated with FAST, big data technology, and Guizhou's national defense and aerospace industries. With an employment rate of over 85% and the year-end employment rate of nearing 99%, it contributes a significant number of outstanding talents to the nation, advancing frontier scientific research and key industries, and showcasing the vitality and strength of the younger generation.